{"id":3776,"date":"2020-08-07T00:43:34","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T23:43:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/?p=3776"},"modified":"2024-09-29T22:27:39","modified_gmt":"2024-09-29T21:27:39","slug":"cloud-and-water-climate-feedback","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/?p=3776&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Cloud and Water climate feedback"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-top-right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=wpv2posts3776&print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Inhalt drucken\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n<p>One key question in the climate discussion is whether  the atmospheric water vapor and the clouds provide a net positive or negative feedback: When the atmosphere gets warmer, will the &#8222;water content&#8220; magnify this or reduce it?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The issue is extremely complex, with the result that science is very divided about this, there are publications favoring positive and others favoring negative feedback. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to have a chance of logical reasoning, I will try to reduce the problem to its core by eliminating as much as possible of the dynamics.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first point to make is that there are two kinds of feedback:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The first feedback is the direct interaction between <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>, water vapor, and clouds w.r.t. IR radiative behaviour as well as the SW relevant albedo. This will be the main focus of this contribution.<\/li><li>Usually only a secondary water vapor and cloud feedback is considered, based on an assumed temperature rise by <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> alone.  The very strong negative feedback of (mainly tropical) storms is hardly ever discussed.  All these are very complex and are not handled here.  <a href=\"http:\/\/www-eaps.mit.edu\/faculty\/lindzen\/236-Lindzen-Choi-2011.pdf\">For the time being I refer to the work of Prof. Richard Lindzen<\/a>.  <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The approach uses the basic atmospheric radiative model as implemented in the <a href=\"http:\/\/climatemodels.uchicago.edu\/modtran\/\">MODTRAN<\/a> software, which is well known and widely accepted.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3 model cases are investigated<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Energetic equilibrium for an <strong>atmosphere without greenhouse gases<\/strong> <\/li><li>Energetic equilibrium and <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> climate sensitivity for an <strong>atmosphere without water vapor but all other greenhouse gases<\/strong><\/li><li>Energetic equilibrium and <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> climate sensitivity for an <strong>atmosphere with water vapor and greenhouse gases, calibrated for the current albedo<\/strong>.   <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"No_GHG\">Atmosphere without greenhouse gases:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">When there are no greenhouse gases, this implies that there is no water vapor in the atmosphere and therefore there are no clouds. From the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cgd.ucar.edu\/staff\/trenbert\/trenberth.papers\/BAMSmarTrenberth.pdf\">earth&#8217;s energy budget<\/a> (Fig 1) it follows  that the average albedo a would be <br><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ab829ac8e6a91f3845efc087b5ed5a0b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#97;&#61;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#50;&#51;&#125;&#123;&#50;&#51;&#43;&#49;&#54;&#49;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#48;&#46;&#49;&#50;&#53;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"24\" width=\"146\" style=\"vertical-align: -8px;\"\/> instead of the current atmospheric value of  appr. 0.3.  <br><strong>This thought experiment requires the &#8222;ceteris paribus&#8220; assumption<\/strong>, i.e. everything else is assumed to be the same as in our real world climate system. <br><strong>I explicity discard the discussion about &#8222;freezing oceans&#8220; or about the question, how it is possible to have no water vapor when oceans are in fact creating it<\/strong>, because for the following considerations only the radiative behaviour of the atmosphere is relevant.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lower average Albedo  0.125 instead of 0.3 implies<\/strong>:  With this albedo the solar insolation and therefore the energy flux equiblibrium would be  at <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d4aff954b721c05907c7a7fcbe9afa27_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#51;&#52;&#48;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#87;&#125;&#123;&#109;&#94;&#50;&#125;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#40;&#49;&#45;&#48;&#46;&#49;&#50;&#53;&#41;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#50;&#57;&#55;&#46;&#53;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#87;&#125;&#123;&#109;&#94;&#50;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"23\" width=\"232\" style=\"vertical-align: -7px;\"\/> instead of <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6dc0eee143aaf308e270d7a0c24398b3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#50;&#52;&#48;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#87;&#125;&#123;&#109;&#94;&#50;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"23\" width=\"48\" style=\"vertical-align: -7px;\"\/> as with <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1501fc179f8cdb5f2f534b927449cc7d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#97;&#61;&#48;&#46;&#51;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"56\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>and <strong>an average equilibrium temperature of 271 K = -2 C:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"626\" src=\"http:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-4-1024x626.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-4-1024x626.png 1024w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-4-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-4-768x469.png 768w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-4.png 1339w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore the answer to the question <a href=\"https:\/\/ia800503.us.archive.org\/21\/items\/RadiationPhysicsConstraintsOnGlobalWarmingCo2IncreaseHasLittleEffect\/RadiationPhysicsConstraintsOnGlobalWarmingfor-submission-plus-9.pdf\">\u201cWhat is the net warming effect from the<br>atmosphere, including all its processes, without changing anything else?\u201d<\/a> is 17 K and not 33 K <a href=\"https:\/\/www.giss.nasa.gov\/research\/briefs\/schmidt_05\/\">as is usually communicated<\/a>.  <strong>The usual model assumption of constant albedo  under the condition of &#8222;no greenhouse gases&#8220; or even &#8222;no atmosphere&#8220; is deeply flawed and misleading, because it implicitely makes cloud albedo to a constant without any justification.<\/strong>   The contrary is the case &#8211;<a href=\"http:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/?p=3145&amp;lang=en\"> the change of cloud albedo turns out to be the dominant contribution to the atmospheric warming of the last 40 years<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Atmosphere with no water vapor, only CO2 and other GHG<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This case investigates an atmosphere with no water vapor, containing only CO2 and other GHG. <br>Again there are no clouds nor water vapor, leading again to the lower average albedo <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-42af6fedc5613cd2c27cfa9e319fa272_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#97;&#61;&#48;&#46;&#49;&#50;&#53;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"73\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/> instead of 0.3. With this albedo the energy flux equiblibrium  would be at <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0241675f39517bbc9c311d2709d2ee7c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#50;&#57;&#55;&#46;&#53;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#87;&#125;&#123;&#109;&#94;&#50;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"23\" width=\"61\" style=\"vertical-align: -7px;\"\/> (instead of 240 as with <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-1501fc179f8cdb5f2f534b927449cc7d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#97;&#61;&#48;&#46;&#51;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"12\" width=\"56\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\"\/>) and an average equilibrium temperature of 279.5 K = 6.5 C: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"619\" src=\"http:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-5-1024x619.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3812\" srcset=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-5-1024x619.png 1024w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-5-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-5-768x464.png 768w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-5.png 1323w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>CO2-Sensitivity of doubling from 280ppm to 560ppm according to MODTRAN in atmosphere without water vapor would be <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-282e5e344076605be9166c853deeb87b_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#51;&#46;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#87;&#125;&#123;&#109;&#94;&#50;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"23\" width=\"44\" style=\"vertical-align: -7px;\"\/>, resulting in a temperature sensitivity of 0.75 C. This is determined by adjusting the Temperature Offset in MODTRAN, until the &#8222;Difference New-BG&#8220; becomes 0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"591\" src=\"http:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-7-1024x591.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3828\" srcset=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-7-1024x591.png 1024w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-7-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-7-768x444.png 768w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-7.png 1354w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Cloud-WV-sensitivity\">Including cloud model and water vapor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This investigation cannot provide a perfect  cloud model. The only purpose is to come to a qualitative conclusion, whether clouds and water vapor feedback increases or reduces <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> sensitivity.  The &#8222;reality constraint&#8220; is that the cloud model should achieve the average equilibrium IR flux of <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-efd3e0763a5b241d4178b6083a356fd6_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#50;&#52;&#48;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#87;&#125;&#123;&#109;&#94;&#50;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"23\" width=\"48\" style=\"vertical-align: -7px;\"\/>.  <br>With the &#8222;Cumulus Cloud&#8220;, and a water vapor scale of 0.25 this can be achieved. The only other cloud model to achieve this is &#8222;Altostratus Cloud&#8220; and a water vapor scale of 0.2.  <strong>With both configurations the <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> sensitivity of doubling <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> from 280ppm to 560 ppm is <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9b8734187d2f5afc67eb74d188b7724e_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#49;&#46;&#57;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#87;&#125;&#123;&#109;&#94;&#50;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"23\" width=\"51\" style=\"vertical-align: -7px;\"\/>, considerably less than without water vapor content.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"542\" src=\"http:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-2-1024x542.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-2-1024x542.png 1024w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-2-300x159.png 300w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-2-768x406.png 768w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-2.png 1490w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The temperature sensitivity of doubling <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> from 280ppm to 560 ppm in this case, which is the closest model to the real world, is reduced to 0.52 C:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"657\" src=\"http:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-3-1024x657.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-3-1024x657.png 1024w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-3-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-3-768x493.png 768w, https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/image-3.png 1313w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The change of <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>-concentration between pre-industrial times (280 ppm) and now (415 ppm) therefore corresponds to an increase of average global temperature of 0.29 C. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This investigation has shown, that <strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> sensitivity in the presence of water vapor and clouds is consistently smaller than without water content in the atmosphere.<\/strong>  <strong>The consequence of this is that water vapor and clouds together reduce rather than enhance the greenhouse effect of <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/>, and total feedback of water vapor and clouds is negative, based on the MODTRAN radiative model. <\/strong><br><strong>The sensitivity of 0.52 C is so small that there is no reason to worry about future increases of <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c8bf376ab4961bc1590ce2481aca0d8d_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#67;&#79;&#95;&#50;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"15\" width=\"35\" style=\"vertical-align: -3px;\"\/> content in the  atmosphere. <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One key question in the climate discussion is whether the atmospheric water vapor and the clouds provide a net positive or negative feedback: When the &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"twitterCardType":"","cardImageID":0,"cardImage":"","cardTitle":"","cardDesc":"","cardImageAlt":"","cardPlayer":"","cardPlayerWidth":0,"cardPlayerHeight":0,"cardPlayerStream":"","cardPlayerCodec":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-latest"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3776","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3776"}],"version-history":[{"count":87,"href":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3776\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5960,"href":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3776\/revisions\/5960"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/klima-fakten.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}